How Microplastics and Nanoplastics Affect Our Long-Term Health

Posted on April 9, 2026 by Patrick Hercules

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) are plastic particles that fail to break down and have become a major concern for environmental and human health.

These plastic particles are extremely small, as microplastics range from 1 micrometer to 5 millimeters. Nanoplastics are even smaller, as they are less than one micrometer.

There are two types of microplastics, primary microplastics and secondary microplastics. These microplastics typically come from two main sources. Primary microplastics are manufactured at a small size intentionally. Secondary microplastics are formed from the breakdown of larger plastic items.

There are public concerns about the health effects of microplastics and nanoplastics, as they have been found in our bodies because of what we eat, drink, or breathe.

Nanoplastics can behave differently from microplastics or materials that are larger. Their small size means that they may move more easily through biological membranes or interact differently with cells in the body.

Larger microplastics are filtered by the body’s natural defenses, such as the mucus and cilia in the airways, but can still get inhaled into the lungs and even infiltrate the bloodstream or the barriers to the digestive system.

Scientific research has pointed to the likelihood of nanoplastics being far more toxicologically active than microplastics, due to their being small enough to pass through some biological barriers and easily absorbed into the body, which can potentially disrupt and damage internal organs and processes.

Evidence suggests that microplastics may be correlated with health conditions, including:

Chronic degenerative diseases
Cardiovascular disease
Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBS)

Additionally, existing research has found that microplastics can accumulate in the human brain. They can also be found in plaque formed in our arteries.

Currently, the U.S. doesn’t have regulations around microplastics. However, there are ways to reduce your exposure to microplastics, including:

Cutting back on bottled water
Getting an NSF-certified water filter
Avoiding storing food in plastic containers
Avoiding the reuse of single-use plastics for food and drinks
Avoiding heating plastic
Washing plastic by hand
Keeping your air clean

According to health experts, there are ways you can lower your risk of the health effects linked to microplastics, including:

Eating a balanced diet
Getting enough sleep and exercise
Lowering stress
Seeing preventative care

Unfortunately, plastic is everywhere, and it is hard to avoid. However, it is important to remember that all the plastic we use will end up in a landfill and eventually in our environment and in our bodies. Limiting plastic usage and production will hopefully have a positive impact on future generations.

All content of this newsletter is intended for general information purposes only and is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a medical professional before adopting any of the suggestions on this page. You must never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking medical treatment based upon any content of this newsletter. PROMPTLY CONSULT YOUR PHYSICIAN OR CALL 911 IF YOU BELIEVE YOU HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.

Foods You Should Not Eat with Gallbladder Problems

Posted on January 30, 2026 by Patrick Hercules

The gallbladder is an organ that plays an essential role in digesting the foods we eat. Some foods we eat can be good for our gallbladder, while others can harm it. If you have gallstones or if your gallbladder is inflamed or infected due to gallbladder disease, you may need to follow a specific diet to protect your gallbladder.

If you are experiencing problems with your gallbladder, various foods can increase your risk of developing diseases, including:

Saturated and trans fats increase the risk of gallstones

Refined carbohydrates increase the likelihood of developing gallstones

Ultra-processed foods increase the risk of gallbladder disease

Sugar-sweetened beverages increase the risk of gallbladder cancer

If your diet consists of these foods, a healthcare provider may recommend following a diet to help improve the health of your gallbladder. A healthcare provider may suggest a diet that consists of:

Fruits and vegetables that contain essential nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants may reduce the risk of gallstones

Whole grains are a great source of dietary fiber that can help your digestive health and gallbladder, which may reduce the risk of gallstone disease

Healthy fats may increase bile secretion and prevent gallbladder disease, benefiting gallbladder health

Lean protein that is low in fat, such as poultry, fish, low-fat dairy, and especially plant-based protein, may lower the risk of gallbladder disease

Two types of gallbladder diets may help lower your risk of gallstone issues: the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.

Mediterranean diet- focuses on eating whole foods and healthy fats

DASH diet- focuses on high-fiber, heart-healthy foods that are low in sodium, which lowers your risk of hypertension

A gallbladder diet may be difficult to adhere to at first. However, here are some meal-planning tips to follow to help:

Controlling your portion sizes and the frequency of meals may protect against gallstones by helping empty the gallbladder and preventing bile build-up

Adding specific foods to your diet can reduce your risk of and protect against gallbladder disease

Maintaining a food diary to keep track of any symptoms you have and what you ate before the symptoms started, as it is important to know what foods may trigger symptoms.

Planning meals and snacks can ensure you have the proper foods available when it is time to eat, instead of going too long between meals, which may increase the risk of gallstones

Staying hydrated can help bile flow from your gallbladder to your small intestine, aiding in digestion

If you have been diagnosed with gallbladder disease and are considering surgery, robotic surgery could be an option. Robotic gallbladder surgery has many benefits, including:

It is the best way to relieve gallbladder-related symptoms, such as belly pain, nausea, and vomiting.

It lowers the risk of developing complications, such as infection or inflammation of nearby bile ducts or organs

It prevents gallstones from returning, as well as any future gallstone attacks

There are many potential advantages of robotic-assisted surgery over other types of surgery, including:

Robot-assisted surgery provides surgeons with 3D images of the abdomen and pelvis, creating a clearer picture to reference during the operation

Under the surgeon’s direction, the robot can move more freely and with more versatility than a human hand

You’ll have a few tiny scars

You’re more likely to experience less pain and less bleeding after surgery compared to open surgery

A shorter hospital stay

To learn more about our robotic surgical procedures or schedule an appointment, contact Flushing Hospital Medical Center at (718) 670-5000.

Understanding Cholesterol Numbers

Posted on January 15, 2026 by Patrick Hercules

Cholesterol is a type of waxy, fat-like substance, or lipid, that the body needs to function. It forms part of the cell membranes, helps the liver make bile, and serves as a building block for hormones.

There are several types of cholesterol. They include:

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is a good cholesterol that helps protect the arteries

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is bad cholesterol that causes plaque buildup in the arteries

Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol is another type of bad cholesterol that can also cause plaque buildup in the arteries

Non-HDL cholesterol- refers to all the cholesterol in the blood, except for HDL cholesterol

Cholesterol is vital for us to live, as it does many essential jobs in the body. However, too much cholesterol in the blood is harmful as it can enter the artery wall, weakening it, leading to hardened deposits of atherosclerotic plaque to form. This is called atherosclerosis, and it can lead to problems such as:

Coronary artery disease

Peripheral artery disease

Carotid artery disease

A person can live for many years with high cholesterol and not know it. High levels of cholesterol, or hyperlipidemia, can be a risk of a heart attack or stroke. That is why it is important to get your cholesterol numbers checked on a regular basis.

When getting your cholesterol numbers checked, a healthcare provider will use a blood test called a lipid panel. A healthcare provider will check the numbers of the main levels of cholesterol. They include:

Total cholesterol: Below 200

LDL cholesterol: Below 100

VLDL cholesterol: Below 30

HDL cholesterol: 40-80 for males. 50-80 for females

The lipid panel also measures another type of fat in the blood called triglycerides.

Normal cholesterol levels can vary based on age, ethnicity, and sex.

If a person has heart disease or several risk factors, the LDL target number may be different, and a healthcare provider will want the number to be below 70.

HDL numbers are typically better when higher rather than lower. An ideal number for HDL cholesterol should be between 60 and 80 to protect against heart disease. An HDL number over 80 is too high and can be unhealthy. HDL is the only number that has sex-based differences, as females need a higher HDL level than males.

High cholesterol means that total cholesterol is 200/mg/dl or higher, or higher than normal. “Borderline high” is a phrase that healthcare providers may use to break down the results of a lipid panel. If a person’s cholesterol numbers are close to normal, they may be easier to manage. High cholesterol numbers include:

Total cholesterol: Borderline high: 200-239

High: 240 or higher

LDL cholesterol: Elevated:100-129

Borderline high: 130-159

High: 160-189

VLDL cholesterol: 30 or higher

LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol numbers should be lower rather than higher.

How often a person gets their cholesterol checked depends on their age, family history, risk factors for heart disease, and their sex, as males need more frequent tests starting at a younger age.

Males ages 20 to 44 should get their cholesterol checked every five years. Males ages 45 to 65 should get their cholesterol checked every one to two years. And males 65 years and older should get their cholesterol checked every year.

Females ages 20-54 should get their cholesterol checked every five years. Females ages 55 to 65 should get their cholesterol checked every one to two years. And females 65 and older should get their cholesterol checked every year.

It is important to know what your cholesterol numbers are, as they can help you learn about your potential risks for heart disease. A healthcare provider will look at your cholesterol numbers, as well as the other aspects of your health, to learn more about your risks of heart disease.

If you or a loved one would like to learn more about understanding cholesterol numbers, you can speak with a physician at Flushing Hospital Medical Center’s Ambulatory Care Center. To schedule an appointment, please call (718) 670-5486.

Healthy Holiday Recipe: Honey Roasted Sweet Potatoes

Posted on November 26, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Thanksgiving is tomorrow, and as we’re preparing to have dinner with the turkey as the star of the show, the sides we have along with the turkey help make it a complete meal. Sweet potatoes are often a common side dish.

Sweet potatoes are high in fiber and vitamins A and C. Adding honey to your sweet potatoes adds natural sweetness with trace antioxidants, making this a nutritious and satisfying side.

Here is a recipe for honey-roasted sweet potatoes that will help elevate your Thanksgiving Day meal.

These sweet potatoes are lightly roasted with honey for a perfect balance of sweetness and caramelization.

Honey Roasted Sweet Potatoes Recipe | Ellie Krieger | Food Network

What Are the Healthiest Oils to Cook With?

Posted on October 2, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

When you are cooking with oil, it is important to choose the right cooking oils, as it is essential for both flavor and health.

An easy way to do this is to choose non-tropical vegetable oils to cook and prepare food. Nontropical oils are oils that come from plants that grow in temperate climates and are healthier alternatives to tropical oils, and are rich in unsaturated fats. Tropical oils are oils that come from plants that grow in warm tropical climates, such as palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil.

When you are shopping for healthy oils, choose oils with less than four grams of saturated fat per tablespoon and no partially hydrogenated oils or trans fats.

According to the American Heart Association (AHA), some common cooking oils that contain more of the “better for you” fats and less saturated fat include:

Canola oil
Corn oil
Olive oil
Peanut oil
Safflower oil
Soybean oil
Sunflower oil
Vegetable oil

Blends or combinations of these oils, which are often labeled “vegetable oil”, and cooking sprays made from these oils are also good choices.

Some oils have distinctive flavors, so it is important to try different types to determine which oils you prefer. Additionally, some oils are better for certain types of cooking than others, so you may want to have more than one type of oil in your pantry.

Some ways you can use healthy oils include:

Making your own salad dressings, marinades, dips, and sauces
Grilling, sautéing, baking, or roasting foods
Coating pans to keep food from sticking
Lightly drizzling them on foods for flavor
“Seasoning” cast-iron cookware
Substituting oil for butter, stick margarine, or solid fats

Here are some tips for cooking with healthy oils:

If your oil starts to smoke or catch fire, don’t use it. Oil starts to degrade once it reaches its smoking point
If the oil smells bad, don’t use it and throw it away. When oil is stored for too long, it can become oxidized or rancid, and it has a distinct smell
Do not reuse or reheat any cooking oil
Buy oil in smaller containers if you don’t use it frequently. This will allow you to use it before it expires
Store your healthy oils in a dark, cool place

If you would like to learn more about Flushing Hospital Medical Center’s nutritional services, you can visit the Ambulatory Care Center. To schedule an appointment, please call (718) 670-5486.

How Making Lifestyle Changes Can Reduce the Risk of Chronic Diseases

Posted on September 26, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), chronic diseases, also known as non-communicable diseases, are conditions that tend to have a long duration and result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors.

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. These diseases include:

Cancers
Cardiovascular disease, such as heart attacks and strokes
Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma
Diabetes

A person’s lifestyle and daily habits can increase their risk of developing a chronic disease. About 80% of chronic diseases are driven by a person’s daily habits. These include:

Tobacco use, including the effects of exposure to second-hand smoke
Unhealthy diets, including excess salt, sugar, and fats
Excessive alcohol use
Insufficient physical activity

These habits can contribute to metabolic changes that can increase a person’s risk of chronic disease, including:

Hypertension
Obesity
Diabetes
High cholesterol

Making the following lifestyle changes is one of the best ways to address harmful habits and help prevent chronic diseases.

Dietary changes include eating whole, unrefined, and minimally processed plants. Eating plant-based foods can help reduce diabetes, heart disease, and the risk of cancer
Increasing physical activity by engaging in a recommended 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity each week
Getting a good, restful night’s sleep of about seven to nine hours. This can be achieved by:
- Having a consistent bedtime and waking up on time, even on weekends
- Being physically active
- Limiting alcohol and caffeine
- Putting digital devices away 90 minutes before bedtime
- Keeping your sleeping area cool, dark, and comfortable
Reducing stress by practicing mindfulness, meditation, and gratitude can help relieve stress and improve your physical and mental health.
Staying socially connected with friends and family can help keep you emotionally and physically healthy.
Quitting smoking, or never starting, lowers the risk of serious health problems, such as heart disease, cancer, Type 2 diabetes, and lung disease, as well as premature death
Limiting alcohol use can reduce health risks that excessive drinking can lead to, such as high blood pressure, various cancers, heart disease, stroke, and liver disease

By avoiding these risks and getting good preventive care, you can improve your chance of staying well, feeling good, and living longer.

For more information on how you can make lifestyle changes, you can schedule an appointment with a doctor at Flushing Hospital Medical Center’s Ambulatory Care Center by calling (718) 670-5486.

The Impact of Ultraprocessed Foods on Your Health

Posted on September 12, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Ultraprocessed foods, or UPFs, are food products such as frozen pizza, ready-to-eat meals, instant noodles, and many store-bought breads that contain a long list of ingredients, chemical additives, and little to no “whole” foods.

Understanding ultraprocessed foods is tricky, as even experts don’t fully agree on what they specifically are and whether they are good or bad. However, a 2024 study led by researchers at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health also found that a high intake of ultraprocessed foods may increase the risk of early death. Participants who ate the most ultraprocessed foods of any kind had a 4% higher risk of death from any cause and an 8% higher risk of death from neurodegenerative diseases. And according to the Yale School of Public Health, high ultraprocessed food intake has been linked to a 25%-58% higher risk of health issues related to the heart and metabolism, and a 21%-66% higher risk of mortality.

People who eat more ultraprocessed foods may tend to eat more calories overall. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that 53% of the calories that adults consumed daily, on average, came from ultraprocessed foods between 2021 and 2023. For children 18 years old and younger, it is 61.9%. Scientists are studying whether ultraprocessed foods high in saturated fat, added sugars, and sodium may mimic addictive substances in some people, and if they do, how they may do so.

Some ultraprocessed foods may contribute to poorer health outcomes. Examples of this include:

They may displace or replace healthier foods
They could lead to eating too many calories
They may result in eating too much saturated fat, added sugars, or sodium
They may influence how the brain responds to these foods
The changed textures may trigger the brain to stay hungry even after eating
They can potentially disrupt blood sugar
They can potentially disrupt your gut health
They could cause exposure to toxins

The recommendation to limit the intake of ultraprocessed foods reinforces the long-standing nutrition guidance to limit unhealthy fats, added sugars, and sodium. A diet composed mainly of ultraprocessed foods also exposes people to unhealthy additives and increases the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases.

The best way to identify ultraprocessed foods is to read the packaging of the product to see if its list of ingredients contains either food substances never or rarely used in kitchens, such as high-fructose corn syrup, hydrogenated or interesterified oils, and hydrolyzed proteins. Or it may contain classes of additives designed to make the final product palatable or more appealing, such as flavors, flavor enhancers, colors, emulsifiers, emulsifying salts, sweeteners, thickeners, and anti-foaming, bulking, carbonating, foaming, gelling, and glazing agents.

It is important to note that an overall healthy diet pattern should focus on eating healthier options such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, healthy non-tropical oils, and lean proteins.

The Yale School of Public Health offers four ways to reduce ultraprocessed foods in your diet. They include:

Planning and preparing meals at home in advance that use less processed and ultraprocessed foods
Drinking water and unsweetened beverages such as coffee and tea instead of soda and other sweetened drinks
Eating fresh fruits and vegetables, if they are available to you. If they are not available, choose minimally processed frozen or canned options with no added salt or sugar
Adding an unprocessed fruit or vegetable to your meal if an ultraprocessed food is your only option and you are short on time. And to choose an ultraprocessed food option with less sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar

If you would like to learn more about Flushing Hospital Medical Center’s nutritional services, you can visit the Ambulatory Care Center. To schedule an appointment, please call (718) 670-5486.

Anorexia #NationalEatingDisorderAwarenessMonth

Posted on February 26, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

Anorexia nervosa, more commonly known as anorexia, is an eating disorder that involves severe calorie restriction and often a low body weight based on personal weight history. It is a complex condition that has mental, behavioral, and physical symptoms.

People who have anorexia often have a strong fear of gaining weight and may think they’re overweight, even if they are not. To prevent gaining weight or to continue to lose weight, people with anorexia often limit the amount or type of food they eat. They do this by restricting the number of calories they consume, resulting in a nutrient deficit and usually, but not always, a very low body weight.

Anorexia can cause changes in the brain due to malnutrition. If left untreated, weight loss can get to a point where people with anorexia are at high risk of serious physical harm or death. Anorexia has the second-highest death rate of any mental illness, surpassed only by opioid overdoses. Most anorexia-related deaths stem from heart conditions and suicide.

There are two subtypes of anorexia nervosa based on eating behaviors:

Restrictive anorexia– the person severely limits the amount and type of food they eat

Binge-purge anorexia– the person greatly restricts the amount and type of food they eat. However, they also have binge-eating and purging episodes where they eat large amounts of food in a short time and then intentionally vomit or use laxatives or diuretics to get rid of what they consumed.

Anorexia involves physical, behavioral, and emotional and mental signs and symptoms.

Emotional and mental signs of anorexia include:

Intense fear of gaining weight
Body dysmorphia
Obsessive interest in food, calories, and dieting
Fear of certain foods or food groups
Being very self-critical
Denying the seriousness of your low body weight and/or food restriction
Feeling a strong need to be in control
Insomnia

It is common to have other mental health conditions alongside anorexia, you may have additional mental and emotional symptoms.

Behavioral signs of anorexia include:

Changes in eating habits or routines, such as eating foods in a certain order or rearranging foods on a plate
A sudden change in food preferences, such as eliminating certain food types or food groups
Making frequent comments about feeling “fat” or being overweight despite weight loss
Purging through intentional vomiting and/or misusing laxatives or diuretics
Going to the bathroom right after eating
Misusing diet pills or appetite suppressants
Compulsive and/or excessive exercising
Continuing to limit calories even when your weight is love for your sex, height, and age
Wearing loose clothing and/or wearing layers to hide weight loss and stay warm
Withdrawing from loved ones and social events

Physical signs and symptoms of anorexia can include:

Significant weight loss over several weeks or months
Not maintaining an appropriate body weight based on your height, age, sex, stature, and physical health
Unexplained change in growth curve or body mass index (BMI) in children and still-growing adolescents

Physical signs and symptoms of anorexia that are side effects of starvation and malnutrition include:

Dizziness and/or fainting
Fatigue
Abnormal heart rhythm
Low blood pressure
Feeling cold all the time
Absent periods or irregular menstrual periods
Bloating and/or abdominal pain
Muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass
Dry skin, brittle nails, and/or thinning hair
Poor wound healing and frequent illness

Anorexia is a complex condition with no singular cause. Research suggests that a combination of certain factors may be responsible, such as:

Genetics
Brain changes
Trauma
Environment and culture
Peer pressure
Emotional health

Anorexia nervosa affects all gender identities, races, ages, incomes, and body types. It is also more common among teenagers, although people of any age can develop anorexia. Teens can be more at risk due to all of the changes their bodies go through during puberty. They also face peer pressure and can be more sensitive to criticism or casual comments about weight or body shape. Certain factors can raise the risk of anorexia and other eating disorders, including:

Family history
A history of weight bullying
A history of dieting
Transitions

A healthcare provider can diagnose anorexia nervosa based on the criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The three criteria include:

Restriction of calorie consumption that leads to weight loss or a failure to gain weight. This results in a significantly low body weight based on your age, sex, height, and stage of growth.
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
Having a distorted view of yourself and the seriousness of the state of your health

If you have signs and symptoms of anorexia, a healthcare provider will do a complete medical history and physical exam. They will ask questions about your:

Dietary history
Exercise history
Psychological history
Body image
Purging frequency and elimination habits (use of pills, laxatives, and diuretics)
Family history of eating disorders

Treatment for anorexia varies depending on the person’s needs. They may receive treatment through inpatient or outpatient care based on their current medical and mental state. Treatment for anorexia most often involves a combination of:

Individual and group psychotherapy
Medication
Hospitalization

A person with anorexia or any eating disorder will have the best recovery outcome if they receive an early diagnosis. If you or someone you know are experiencing signs and symptoms of anorexia, be sure to talk to a provider as soon as possible.

To find out more about our mental health services or to schedule a virtual appointment, call (718) 670-5316 to speak with our intake coordinator or call (718) 670-5562 to reach the clinic.

Healthy Recipe- Pan-Blackened Salmon with Garlicky Kale

Posted on January 31, 2025 by Patrick Hercules

It’s the middle of winter and the nights are frigid. Here is a delicious and healthy dinner recipe for pan-blackened salmon with garlicky kale that will warm up and comfort you and your family on a cold winter’s night.

https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/sheet-pan-blackened-salmon-with-garlicky-kale-9614139

The Health Benefits of Pumpkin

Posted on October 16, 2024 by Patrick Hercules

It is the fall season and pumpkins are everywhere. Pumpkins are highly nutritious, containing proteins, carbohydrates, carotenoids, vitamins, and minerals. Here are some health benefits of pumpkin:

Highly nutritious and particularly rich in vitamin A
High antioxidant content may reduce your risk of chronic diseases
Packs vitamins that may boost immunity
High in nutrients that protect your eyesight
Nutrient density and low-calorie count may promote weight loss
Antioxidant content may lower your risk of cancer
Potassium, vitamin C, and fiber may benefit heart health
Contains compounds that promote healthy skin
High in vitamins and minerals that improve gut health

Pumpkin is a nutritious fruit to eat all year round, so don’t just save it for fall. Pumpkin is a healthy food ingredient that is versatile enough to be used in sweet and savory dishes and can improve recipes with its taste. You will benefit from its vitamins and minerals.