Stomatitis, or oral mucositis, is inflammation in the mucous membranes, or mucosa, that line the mouth or lips. The most common types are cold sores and canker sores.
Other less common types of stomatitis include:
- Angular cheilitis
- Thrush
- Contact stomatitis
- Denture stomatitis
- Gingivostomatitis
- Nicotine stomatitis
Stomatitis can have many causes, including:
- Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections
- Mouth injuries
- Allergic reactions or mouth irritation
- Treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy
- Certain medications
- Systemic conditions such as Bechet’s disease and celiac disease
- Skin conditions such as Bullous pemphigoid and lichen planus
- Nutritional deficiencies
Signs and symptoms of stomatitis include:
- Redness and swelling inside the mouth
- A tiny blister, or cluster of blisters, that appears on or around the lips
- One or more sores inside the mouth that are usually white, gray, or yellow, with a red border
- White or gray patches on the tongue, the roof of the mouth, or inside the cheeks
- The sensation that the tongue and the roof of the mouth are burning
- Mild to severe pain or discomfort that may make it difficult to eat, swallow, or talk
Many factors put you more at risk of developing stomatitis, such as:
- Not regularly cleaning your teeth
- Having dry mouth
Stomatitis can cause various complications. The pain and swelling that stomatitis causes can be so severe that it hurts to eat or drink. This can cause someone to skip meals. However, not getting the nutrients or fluids you need can pose serious health risks such as malnutrition and dehydration.
Although infections can cause stomatitis, they can also cause another complication that can make you more vulnerable to germs, which can trigger more inflammation and tissue damage when you have an injured mucosa.
To diagnose stomatitis, a healthcare provider may look for visible signs of more recognizable types of stomatitis, such as canker sores and cold sores, just by looking at them. Reviewing your symptoms and medical history can help as well. For instance, if you are receiving cancer treatment, your doctor may conclude that your oral stomatitis is a side effect of treatment.
You may also need tests to diagnose stomatitis, such as:
- Tests to check for viruses, bacteria, and fungi
- Blood tests to check your overall health or for signs of systemic diseases
- Allergy tests to check for allergens causing stomatitis
- A biopsy to check for unusual cells that may be signs of a more serious condition
The treatment for stomatitis depends on what is causing it. The only way to cure stomatitis is to treat or manage the issue that is creating the problems. Treatments can include:
- Over-the-counter medications for canker sores and cold sores
- Prescription medications for infections such as antivirals, antibiotics, and antifungals.
- Vitamins or supplements that give you the nutrients you need
- Staying away from foods or products that trigger inflammation
- Practicing good oral hygiene to keep your mouth free of harmful bacteria while your mouth heals
All causes of stomatitis can’t be prevented. However, you can reduce your risk of developing it by doing the following:
- Brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and getting regular dental cleanings
- Eating balanced meals and drinking enough water daily
- Choosing not to smoke or use tobacco, or quitting if you do
- Avoiding sharing foods, drinks, or lip balm, and intimate contact with someone with a cold sore
If you’re experiencing symptoms of stomatitis, it is important to visit a dentist to ensure you’re receiving the most effective treatment possible. To schedule an appointment at Flushing Hospital Medical Center’s Department of Dental Medicine, please call (718) 670-5521.
All content of this newsletter is intended for general information purposes only and is not intended or implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult a medical professional before adopting any of the suggestions on this page. You must never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking medical treatment based upon any content of this newsletter. PROMPTLY CONSULT YOUR PHYSICIAN OR CALL 911 IF YOU BELIEVE YOU HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY.